What happens to your money if an ETF closes?
ETFs may close due to lack of investor interest or poor returns. For investors, the easiest way to exit an ETF investment is to sell it on the open market. Liquidation of ETFs is strictly regulated; when an ETF closes, any remaining shareholders will receive a payout based on what they had invested in the ETF.
ETFs are open-ended funds, meaning they can constantly take on new investors and as they do, the fund's assets grow. CEFs have a fixed number of shares that are offered through an IPO. After that, no new shares will be issued and the fund is "closed."
ETF trading generally occurs in-kind, meaning they are not redeemed for cash. Mutual fund shares can be redeemed for money at the fund's net asset value for that day. Stocks are bought and sold using cash.
A closed fund may stop new investment either temporarily or permanently. Closed funds may allow no new investments or they may be closed only to new investors, allowing current investors to continue to buy more shares. Some funds may provide notice that they are liquidating or merging.
However, although you will know what you have realised on the day your ETFs are sold, it can still take three days for the settlement to be paid into your stockbroking account and then you will have to withdraw the money from that account. Unit trust funds typically take two days to pay out.
Following the IPO, a CEF's shares trade in the secondary market on a stock exchange and are usually not subject to redemptions by the shareholder. This means that portfolio managers can keep the fund fully invested and do not have to keep cash on hand to meet redemptions like they would in a open-end mutual fund.
The single biggest risk in ETFs is market risk.
For most standard, unleveraged ETFs that track an index, the maximum you can theoretically lose is the amount you invested, driving your investment value to zero. However, it's rare for broad-market ETFs to go to zero unless the entire market or sector it tracks collapses entirely.
Trading ETFs and stocks
There are no restrictions on how often you can buy and sell stocks or ETFs. You can invest as little as $1 with fractional shares, there is no minimum investment and you can execute trades throughout the day, rather than waiting for the NAV to be calculated at the end of the trading day.
At least once a year, funds must pass on any net gains they've realized. As a fund shareholder, you could be on the hook for taxes on gains even if you haven't sold any of your shares.
Why not invest in ETF?
There are many ways an ETF can stray from its intended index. That tracking error can be a cost to investors. Indexes do not hold cash but ETFs do, so a certain amount of tracking error in an ETF is expected. Fund managers generally hold some cash in a fund to pay administrative expenses and management fees.
In theory, if Vanguard went bankrupt, your assets within the ETF should be safe, as they're technically yours held in trust by Vanguard. So if Vanguard collapsed, then what would likely happen would be that another manager would take over the ETF, or the assets would be sold off and you'd be paid out.
Every quarter or every 6 months when you receive your dividend payment, just log into your broker account and sell off a small number of shares in your ETFs to access extra cash. That is the right time to sell your ETFs.
If you buy substantially identical security within 30 days before or after a sale at a loss, you are subject to the wash sale rule. This prevents you from claiming the loss at this time.
Hypothetically: Yes. Practically: No. ETFs are stocks which derive their values from the underlying stocks of net assets of an investment. These investments are not guaranteed and as such could ALL go to $0 in which your NAV would be $0.
- Interest distributions if the ETF invests in bonds.
- Dividend. + read full definition distributions if the ETF invests in stocks that pay dividends.
- Capital gains distributions if the ETF sells an investment. + read full definition for more than it paid.
Investing in closed-end funds involves risk; principal loss is possible. There is no guarantee a fund's investment objective will be achieved.
Cons of closed-end funds
A closed-end fund's liquidity depends on investor supply and demand, so it can be less liquid than an open-end fund. These funds are also subject to increased volatility because shares can trade above or below their NAV. Another potential drawback is that many closed-end funds use leverage.
Closed-end fund shares are bought and sold in the same way one would buy corporate stocks—through registered broker-dealers. During the IPO, a fixed number of closed-end fund shares are offered to investors. After the IPO, an investor may purchase shares of existing closed-end funds in the secondary market.
As the old cliché goes, you do not want to put all your eggs into one basket. An ETF can guard against volatility (up to a point) if some stocks within the ETF fall. This removal of company-specific risk is the biggest draw for most ETF investors.
What is the safest ETF to buy?
- Vanguard S&P 500 ETF (VOO -0.83%) ...
- Vanguard High Dividend Yield ETF (VYM 0.7%) ...
- Vanguard Real Estate ETF (VNQ 0.29%) ...
- iShares Core S&P Total U.S. Stock Market ETF (ITOT -0.8%) ...
- Consumer Staples Select Sector SPDR Fund (XLP 0.86%)
However, individuals opting for a single equity ETF must be cognizant of the inherent risks and volatility within the equity market. Always consider your risk tolerance and investment goals before making a decision.
"Leveraged and inverse funds generally aren't meant to be held for longer than a day, and some types of leveraged and inverse ETFs tend to lose the majority of their value over time," Emily says.
But can a leveraged ETF go negative? No. If you own a leveraged ETF you can't lose more than your initial investment amount. You would never be liable for more than you invested; in a sense, the amount you could lose is capped.
Because of their wide array of holdings, ETFs provide the benefits of diversification, including lower risk and less volatility, which often makes a fund safer to own than an individual stock. An ETF's return depends on what it's invested in. An ETF's return is the weighted average of all its holdings.
