Exogenous Hormones in the cow (2024)

43 Questions

Which hormone can control both follicular and luteal function directly?

LH

Which hormone can control hypothalamus function?

Progesterone

Which hormone is required for PGF2A to act?

Progesterone

Which hormone is required for LH to trigger ovulation?

GnRH

Which class of reproductive drugs includes Buserelin and Deslorelin?

GnRH agonists

Which hormone is an example of a sex steroid?

Oestrogens

Which hormone is an example of a prostaglandin?

Dinoprost

Which class of reproductive drugs includes hCG and eCG?

Gonadotrophin

Which hormone is an example of a prolactin inhibitor?

Cabergoline

Which hormone can be used to hasten ovulation by inducing an LH surge?

GnRH

What is the main clinical use of exogenous progestogens?

To prevent oestrus

Which hormone stimulates antral follicular growth?

FSH

What is the long-term action of deslorelin implant, a form of GnRH?

It suppresses the HPG axis

Which hormone is used to force ovulation when there has been repeated failure of conception in cattle?

LH

What is the main effect of progesterone on the hypothalamus/pituitary?

It suppresses the HPG axis

What is the main clinical use of LH hormone?

To induce ovulation

What is the main clinical use of FSH hormone?

To stimulate follicle growth

What is the main clinical use of exogenous progestogens in male dogs?

To stimulate testosterone production

What is the main clinical use of GnRH hormone?

To induce ovulation

Which drug is used for the prevention of oestrus in dogs and the suppression of oestrus?

Megestrol

Which drug is used for oestrus suppression, induction, and synchronization in mares and sows?

Altrenogest

What is the only licensed use of Aglepristone (Alizin)?

Termination of pregnancy in dogs

Which sex steroid is used for the control of urinary incontinence in bitches?

Oestrogens

Which hormone supports the function of the corpus luteum (CL) in bitches and pregnant queens?

Prolactin

Which drug is used to reduce milk production and behavior of pseudopregnancy?

Cabergoline

What is the primary use of melatonin in short-day breeders?

Brings on cyclicity and oestrus

What is the primary use of oxytocin in veterinary medicine?

Facilitating parturition

What is the primary use of prolactin inhibitors in veterinary medicine?

Reducing milk production

What are the two ways in which ovarian and uterine function can be controlled directly?

FSH and LH

What are the two ways in which ovarian and uterine function can be controlled indirectly?

LH and PG2A

What are the two structures that need to be present for PGF2A to act?

Active CL

What is the main hormone required for GnRH/LH to trigger ovulation?

Dominant (large) follicle

What is the main hormone required for FSH to recruit multiple dominant follicles?

Growing antral follicle

What is the main use of aglepristone (Alizin) in veterinary medicine?

termination of pregnancy in the dog

What are the main clinical uses of prostaglandin F2α in veterinary medicine?

termination of luteal phase to synchronize oestrus, induction of abortion, induction of parturition, treatment of chronic metritis, treatment of pyometra (if CL is present)

What is the primary mechanism of action of prolactin inhibitors (e.g. cabergoline [Galastop]) in veterinary medicine?

removal of support for CLs, causing termination of luteal phase and decline in progesterone

What are the potential uses of melatonin in veterinary medicine?

bring on cyclicity/oestrus in ewe, suppress cyclicity/oestrus in mare/cat/ferret, bring on oestrus in mare/cat/ferret

What is the main clinical use of oxytocin in veterinary medicine?

initiation of strong, regular and purposeful contractions of uterine muscle to facilitate parturition, promotion of involution of post-parturient uterus, aid in passage of retained placenta, promotion of milk let-down in agalactia

What are the short-term actions of Gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH)?

Short-term actions of GnRH include hastening impending cyclicity/oestrus, hastening ovulation by inducing LH surge, 'forcing' ovulation/luteinisation of cystic structures, and testing the hypothalamic-gonadal axis.

What are the long-term actions of GnRH (deslorelin implant)?

Long-term actions of GnRH (deslorelin implant) include initial stimulation and then down-regulation of GnRH receptor, thus suppressing the HPG axis. It is used to control behavior and fertility in male dogs and to control/suppress oestrus behavior. It is also used in humans in IVF protocols.

What is the clinical use of FSH hormone?

The clinical use of FSH hormone includes stimulating antral follicular growth, which allows for high selectivity and multiple dominant follicles. It is used as part of oestrus/ovulation induction regimes, often given in conjunction with progestogens.

What is the clinical use of LH hormone?

The clinical use of LH hormone includes stimulating the final maturation of follicles, luteinisation, and providing luteal support. It is used to induce ovulation when animals are in oestrus, hasten ovulation in AI regimes, force ovulation when there has been repeated failure of conception in cattle, and treat cystic ovaries in cows and heifers.

What is the main clinical use of exogenous progestogens?

The main clinical use of exogenous progestogens is to suppress the hypothalamic-gonadal axis, prevent oestrus in dogs and mares, treat and prevent pseudopregnancy in dogs, and treat male conditions like unwanted behavior/prostatic disease. They are also used as a method of inducing/synchronizing oestrus by administration and withdrawal of the product.

Test your knowledge on the principles of exogenous hormone use and the normal oestrous cycle in cows. Explore how ovarian and uterine function are regulated and the role of hormones such as FSH, LH, Progesterone, and GnRH.

Exogenous Hormones in the cow (2024)

FAQs

Is rBST bad for humans? ›

The evidence for potential harm to humans is not conclusive. It's not clear that drinking milk produced using rBGH significantly increases IGF-1 levels in humans or adds to the risk of developing cancer. More research is needed to help better address these concerns.

What are the repro hormones in cows? ›

The primary releasing hormone of reproduction is gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). GnRH controls the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the pituitary gland, located at the base of the brain.

What hormones are found in cow's milk? ›

The most important hormones found in milk and other dairy products by using a variety of analytical methods consist of prolactin, steroids including estrogens, progesterone, corticoids, and androgens.

Do hormones in meat affect humans? ›

Summary. There is no definitive proof that sex and growth hormones found in meat and dairy products will lead to cancer, or cause early puberty in children.

Why is rBST banned in Europe? ›

In 1990, the EU placed a moratorium on its sale by all member nations. It was turned into a permanent ban starting from 1 January 2000; the decision was based solely on veterinary concerns, laws, and treaties. An in-depth report published in 1999 analysed in detail the various human health risks associated with rBST.

Why was rBST banned? ›

Health Canada made the decision to not approve it in 1999 due to concerns about its impact on the health of animals. Canadian dairy farmers care deeply about the health of our animals. So milk produced in Canada is rBST-free, as rbST cannot be sold in Canada and cannot be imported.

What are the dairy cows injected with hormones? ›

Recombinant somatotropin, rBST (previously called bovine growth hormone), is a genetically engineered hormone injected into dairy cows to increase milk production. Milk from rBST-treated cows is used in dairy products including ice cream, butter, cheese and yogurt.

Are beef cows injected with hormones? ›

Growth promoting hormones improve feed efficiency, protein deposition and growth rate of cattle. Small pellets are implanted under the skin in the animal's ear between the skin and the cartilage on the backside of the ear. The implants release the hormone compound over time into the bloodstream.

Does milk increase estrogen in males? ›

In fact, milk and dairy products are the largest sources of dietary oestrogen for humans. They account for 60-70 percent of the oestrogens consumed. This has a 'feminising' effect on men. Studies have shown that men who consume more milk and dairy products have higher levels of estradiol, a 'female' hormone.

Are eggs high in estrogen? ›

Another source of estrogen in foods is animal estrogen. Products like eggs or milk contain high estrogen levels because they are produced in parts of the animal's body that regulate its hormones. Eating high estrogen foods can help people who suffer from various conditions related to low estrogen levels.

Do cow hormones affect humans? ›

Results: After the intake of cow milk, serum estrone (E1) and progesterone concentrations significantly increased, and serum luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone and testosterone significantly decreased in men.

What milk is hormone free? ›

Does organic milk contain artificial hormones? There are NEVER any hormones added to milk – whether conventional or organic – but if you're concerned about the use of bovine growth hormones in cows, USDA organic milk standards prohibit organic dairy farmers from treating the cows with any bovine growth hormones.

Does cooking destroy hormones in meat? ›

Hormones aren't completely destroyed at cooked products. Therefore, similar compounds naturally presenting in meat, milk, eggs, fruits and vegetables, and there are, at least sometimes, and in smaller doses. Steroid hormones are destroyed by heat processing less [2].

What meat is hormone free? ›

  • Bison.
  • Duck & Foie Gras. Poussin. Guinea Fowl. Pheasant.

Does USDA beef have hormones? ›

Yes. Hormones may be used to promote efficient growth. Estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone (three natural hormones), and Zeronal and trenbolone acetate (two synthetic hormones) may be used as an implant on the animal's ear. The hormone is time released, and is effective for 90 to 120 days.

Why did producers stop using rBST? ›

For many, rbST was simply not producing positive results. Many felt that it was not cost effec tive, and many also had problems like mastitis, lameness, loss of condition, and lowered immune system functions which they attributed to rbST use.

What are the positive effects of rBST? ›

rBST is carried to the liver where it stimulates that organ to produce Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF-1), a protein hormone that aids in turning nutrients to milk. IGF-1 is carried to a cow's mammary gland where it stimulates milk production. Studies have found that rBST can increase milk production 10% to 20%.

Does all milk contain rBST? ›

In response to consumer demand, many processors do not use milk from rBST-treated cows, and they label their milk and dairy foods as rBST-free. However, consumers can feel confident that all milk produced and sold in the United States—with or without rBST—contains the same combination of nutrients and is pure and safe.

Does rBST occur naturally? ›

Recombinant bovine growth hormones (rBGH), also known as recombinant bovine somatotropins (rBST), are synthetic versions of the naturally occurring peptide hormone made by a cow's pituitary glands. It is important to note that rBGH or rBST is a protein hormone and not a steroid hormone, unlike the sex hormones.

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